1. Mechanical License
A license that allows you to reproduce and distribute a copyrighted musical composition (like a cover song). This is required when releasing a song you didn’t write on streaming platforms or physical formats.

2. Sync (Synchronization) License
This license allows a piece of music to be used in sync with visual media — such as TV, film, video games, commercials, or YouTube videos. It must be negotiated directly with the rights holders.

3. Master Recording (or "Master Rights")
The final recorded version of a song. Whoever owns the master recording controls how that specific recording is used or licensed (often the artist or label).

4. Composition Rights (or "Publishing Rights")
These rights refer to the actual songwriting — melody, lyrics, chords — and are usually owned by the songwriter or their publisher. Cover songs require a license from this rights holder.

5. Performance Rights
These allow music to be performed publicly — on the radio, in venues, or on streaming services. Collected and managed by Performing Rights Organizations (PROs) like SOCAN (Canada), ASCAP, BMI (U.S.).

6. Cover Song
A new recording or performance of a previously released song by someone other than the original artist. Releasing one legally requires a mechanical license.

7. Derivative Work
A new creation that alters the original composition (e.g., changing lyrics or structure). This is not a simple cover and requires direct permission from the copyright holder.

8. Royalties
Payments made to rights holders (like songwriters, publishers, or performers) when their music is sold, streamed, or licensed. Different types include mechanical, performance, and sync royalties.

9. Public Domain
Songs whose copyrights have expired (or were never copyrighted) are free for anyone to use, perform, or adapt without needing a license. Many traditional folk and classical pieces fall into this category.

10. Compulsory License
A legal rule that allows anyone to cover a song that has already been released, provided they pay the appropriate royalties and don’t change the fundamental elements. This is the basis for most cover song licensing.

11. Performing Rights Organization (PRO)
An organization that collects and distributes performance royalties on behalf of songwriters and publishers. Examples: SOCAN (Canada), ASCAP, BMI, SESAC (U.S.), PRS (UK).

12. Digital Distributor
A platform or service that delivers your music to streaming services like Spotify, Apple Music, Amazon, etc. Some, like LANDR, also help you license your cover songs legally and affordably.